This is a list of Unix commands as specified by IEEE Std 1003.1-2008, which is part of the Single UNIX Specification (SUS). These commands can be found on Unix operating systems and most Unix-like operating systems.
List of Unix Commands [1]
| Name | Category | Status (Option code) | Description | First appeared |
|---|---|---|---|---|
admin |
SCCS | Optional (XSI) | Create and administer SCCS files | PWB UNIX |
alias |
Misc | Mandatory | Define or display aliases | |
ar |
Misc | Mandatory | Create and maintain library archives | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
asa |
Text processing | Optional (FR) | Interpret carriage-control characters | System V |
at |
Process management | Mandatory | Execute commands at a later time | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
awk |
Text processing | Mandatory | Pattern scanning and processing language | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
basename |
Filesystem | Mandatory | Return non-directory portion of a pathname; see also dirname | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
batch |
Process management | Mandatory | Schedule commands to be executed in a batch queue | |
bc |
Misc | Mandatory | Arbitrary-precision arithmetic language | Version 6 AT&T UNIX |
bg |
Process management | Optional (UP) | Run jobs in the background | |
cc/c99 |
C programming | Optional (CD) | Compile standard C programs | IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 |
cal |
Misc | Optional (XSI) | Print a calendar | Version 5 AT&T UNIX |
cat |
Filesystem | Mandatory | Concatenate and print files | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
cd |
Filesystem | Mandatory | Change the working directory | Version 6 AT&T UNIX |
cflow |
C programming | Optional (XSI) | Generate a C-language call graph | System V |
chgrp |
Filesystem | Mandatory | Change the file group ownership | PWB UNIX |
chmod |
Filesystem | Mandatory | Change the file modes/attributes/permissions | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
chown |
Filesystem | Mandatory | Change the file ownership | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
cksum |
Filesystem | Mandatory | Write file checksums and sizes | 4.4BSD |
cmp |
Filesystem | Mandatory | Compare two files; see also diff | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
comm |
Text processing | Mandatory | Select or reject lines common to two files | Version 4 AT&T UNIX |
command |
Shell programming | Mandatory | Execute a simple command | |
compress |
Filesystem | Optional (XSI) | Compress data | 4.3BSD |
cp |
Filesystem | Mandatory | Copy files | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
crontab |
Misc | Mandatory | Schedule periodic background work | System V |
csplit |
Text processing | Mandatory | Split files based on context | PWB UNIX |
ctags |
C programming | Optional (SD) | Create a tags file | 3BSD |
cut |
Text processing | Mandatory | Cut out selected fields of each line of a file | System III |
cxref |
C programming | Optional (XSI) | Generate a C-language program cross-reference table | System V |
date |
Misc | Mandatory | Display the date and time | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
dd |
Filesystem | Mandatory | Convert and copy a file | Version 5 AT&T UNIX |
delta |
SCCS | Optional (XSI) | Make a delta (change) to an SCCS file | PWB UNIX |
df |
Filesystem | Mandatory | Report free disk space | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
diff |
Text processing | Mandatory | Compare two files; see also cmp | Version 5 AT&T UNIX |
dirname |
Filesystem | Mandatory | Return the directory portion of a pathname; see also basename | System III |
du |
Filesystem | Mandatory | Estimate file space usage | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
echo |
Shell programming | Mandatory | Write arguments to standard output | Version 2 AT&T UNIX |
ed |
Text processing | Mandatory | The standard text editor | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
env |
Misc | Mandatory | Set the environment for command invocation | System III |
ex |
Text processing | Optional (XSI) | Text editor | 1BSD |
expand |
Text processing | Mandatory | Convert tabs to spaces | 3BSD |
expr |
Shell programming | Mandatory | Evaluate arguments as an expression | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
false |
Shell programming | Mandatory | Return false value | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
fc |
Misc | Optional (UP) | Process the command history list | |
fg |
Process management | Optional (UP) | Run jobs in the foreground | |
file |
Filesystem | Mandatory | Determine file type | Version 4 AT&T UNIX |
find |
Filesystem | Mandatory | Find files | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
fold |
Text processing | Mandatory | Filter for folding lines | 1BSD |
fort77 |
FORTRAN77 programming | Obsolescent (FD) | FORTRAN compiler | XPG4 |
fuser |
Process management | Optional (XSI) | List process IDs of all processes that have one or more files open | System V |
gencat |
Misc | Mandatory | Generate a formatted message catalog | |
get |
SCCS | Optional (XSI) | Get a version of an SCCS file | PWB UNIX |
getconf |
Misc | Mandatory | Get configuration values | |
getopts |
Shell programming | Mandatory | Parse utility options | |
grep |
Misc | Mandatory | Search text for a pattern | Version 4 AT&T UNIX |
hash |
Misc | Mandatory | Hash database access method | |
head |
Text processing | Mandatory | Copy the first part of files | PWB UNIX[citation needed] |
iconv |
Text processing | Mandatory | Codeset conversion | HP-UX |
id |
Misc | Mandatory | Return user identity | System V |
ipcrm |
Misc | Optional (XSI) | Remove a message queue, semaphore set, or shared memory segment identifier | System V |
ipcs |
Misc | Optional (XSI) | Report interprocess communication facilities status | System V |
jobs |
Process management | Optional (UP) | Display status of jobs in the current session | |
join |
Text processing | Mandatory | Merges two sorted text files based on the presence of a common field | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
kill |
Process management | Mandatory | Terminate or signal processes | Version 4 AT&T UNIX |
lex |
C programming | Optional (CD) | Generate programs for lexical tasks | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
link |
Filesystem | Optional (XSI) | Create a hard link to a file | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
ln |
Filesystem | Mandatory | Link files | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
locale |
Misc | Mandatory | Get locale-specific information | |
localedef |
Misc | Mandatory | Define locale environment | |
logger |
Shell programming | Mandatory | Log messages | 4.3BSD |
logname |
Misc | Mandatory | Return the user’s login name | 4.4BSD |
lp |
Text processing | Mandatory | Send files to a printer | System V |
ls |
Filesystem | Mandatory | List directory contents | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
m4 |
Misc | Mandatory | Macro processor | PWB UNIX |
mailx |
Misc | Mandatory | Process messages | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
make |
Programming | Optional (SD) | Maintain, update, and regenerate groups of programs | PWB UNIX |
man |
Misc | Mandatory | Display system documentation | Version 2 AT&T UNIX |
mesg |
Misc | Mandatory | Permit or deny messages | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
mkdir |
Filesystem | Mandatory | Make directories | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
mkfifo |
Filesystem | Mandatory | Make FIFO special files | 4.4BSD[dubious ] |
more |
Text processing | Optional (UP) | Display files on a page-by-page basis | 3BSD |
mv |
Filesystem | Mandatory | Move or rename files | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
newgrp |
Misc | Mandatory | Change to a new group | Version 6 AT&T UNIX |
nice |
Process management | Mandatory | Invoke a utility with an altered nice value | Version 4 AT&T UNIX |
nl |
Text processing | Optional (XSI) | Line numbering filter | System III |
nm |
C programming | Optional (SD, XSI) | Write the name list of an object file | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
nohup |
Process management | Mandatory | Invoke a utility immune to hangups | Version 4 AT&T UNIX |
od |
Misc | Mandatory | Dump files in various formats | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
paste |
Text processing | Mandatory | Merge corresponding or subsequent lines of files | Version 32V AT&T UNIX |
patch |
Text processing | Mandatory | Apply changes to files | 4.3BSD |
pathchk |
Filesystem | Mandatory | Check pathnames | |
pax |
Misc | Mandatory | Portable archive interchange | 4.4BSD[citation needed] |
pr |
Text processing | Mandatory | Print files | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
printf |
Shell programming | Mandatory | Write formatted output | 4.3BSD-Reno |
prs |
SCCS | Optional (XSI) | Print an SCCS file | PWB UNIX |
ps |
Process management | Mandatory | Report process status | Version 4 AT&T UNIX |
pwd |
Filesystem | Mandatory | Print working directory | Version 5 AT&T UNIX |
qalter |
Batch utilities | Obsolescent (BE) | Alter batch job | |
qdel |
Batch utilities | Obsolescent (BE) | Delete batch jobs | |
qhold |
Batch utilities | Obsolescent (BE) | Hold batch jobs | |
qmove |
Batch utilities | Obsolescent (BE) | Move batch jobs | |
qmsg |
Batch utilities | Obsolescent (BE) | Send message to batch jobs | |
qrerun |
Batch utilities | Obsolescent (BE) | Rerun batch jobs | |
qrls |
Batch utilities | Obsolescent (BE) | Release batch jobs | |
qselect |
Batch utilities | Obsolescent (BE) | Select batch jobs | |
qsig |
Batch utilities | Obsolescent (BE) | Signal batch jobs | |
qstat |
Batch utilities | Obsolescent (BE) | Show status of batch jobs | |
qsub |
Batch utilities | Obsolescent (BE) | Submit a script | |
read |
Shell programming | Mandatory | Read a line from standard input | |
renice |
Process management | Mandatory | Set nice values of running processes | 4BSD |
rm |
Filesystem | Mandatory | Remove directory entries | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
rmdel |
SCCS | Optional (XSI) | Remove a delta from an SCCS file | PWB UNIX |
rmdir |
Filesystem | Mandatory | Remove directories, if they are empty. | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
sact |
SCCS | Optional (XSI) | Print current SCCS file-editing activity | System III |
sccs |
SCCS | Optional (XSI) | Front end for the SCCS subsystem | 4.3BSD |
sed |
Text processing | Mandatory | Stream editor | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
sh |
Shell programming | Mandatory | Shell, the standard command language interpreter | Version 7 AT&T UNIX (in earlier versions, sh was either the Thompson shell or the PWB shell) |
sleep |
Shell programming | Mandatory | Suspend execution for an interval | Version 4 AT&T UNIX |
sort |
Text processing | Mandatory | Sort, merge, or sequence check text files | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
split |
Misc | Mandatory | Split files into pieces | Version 3 AT&T UNIX |
strings |
C programming | Mandatory | Find printable strings in files | 2BSD |
strip |
C programming | Optional (SD) | Remove unnecessary information from executable files | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
stty |
Misc | Mandatory | Set the options for a terminal | Version 2 AT&T UNIX |
tabs |
Misc | Mandatory | Set terminal tabs | PWB UNIX |
tail |
Text processing | Mandatory | Copy the last part of a file | PWB UNIX[citation needed] |
talk |
Misc | Optional (UP) | Talk to another user | 4.2BSD |
tee |
Shell programming | Mandatory | Duplicate the standard output | Version 5 AT&T UNIX |
test |
Shell programming | Mandatory | Evaluate expression | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
time |
Process management | Mandatory | Time a simple command | Version 3 AT&T UNIX |
touch |
Filesystem | Mandatory | Change file access and modification times | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
tput |
Misc | Mandatory | Change terminal characteristics | System V |
tr |
Text processing | Mandatory | Translate characters | Version 4 AT&T UNIX |
true |
Shell programming | Mandatory | Return true value | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
tsort |
Text processing | Mandatory | Topological sort | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
tty |
Misc | Mandatory | Return user’s terminal name | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
type |
Misc | Optional (XSI) | Displays how a name would be interpreted if used as a command | |
ulimit |
Misc | Optional (XSI) | Set or report file size limit | |
umask |
Misc | Mandatory | Get or set the file mode creation mask | System III |
unalias |
Misc | Mandatory | Remove alias definitions | |
uname |
Misc | Mandatory | Return system name | PWB UNIX |
uncompress |
Misc | Optional (XSI) | Expand compressed data | 4.3BSD |
unexpand |
Text processing | Mandatory | Convert spaces to tabs | 3BSD |
unget |
SCCS | Optional (XSI) | Undo a previous get of an SCCS file | System III |
uniq |
Text processing | Mandatory | Report or filter out repeated lines in a file | Version 3 AT&T UNIX |
unlink |
Filesystem | Optional (XSI) | Call the unlink function | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
uucp |
Network | Optional (UU) | System-to-system copy | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
uudecode |
Network | Mandatory | Decode a binary file | 4BSD |
uuencode |
Network | Mandatory | Encode a binary file | 4BSD |
uustat |
Network | Optional (UU) | uucp status inquiry and job control | System III |
uux |
Process management | Optional (UU) | Remote command execution | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
val |
SCCS | Optional (XSI) | Validate SCCS files | System III |
vi |
Text processing | Optional (UP) | Screen-oriented (visual) display editor | 1BSD |
wait |
Process management | Mandatory | Await process completion | Version 4 AT&T UNIX |
wc |
Text processing | Mandatory | Line, word and byte or character count | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
what |
SCCS | Optional (XSI) | Identify SCCS files | PWB UNIX |
who |
System administration | Mandatory | Display who is on the system | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
write |
Misc | Mandatory | Write to another user’s terminal | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
xargs |
Shell programming | Mandatory | Construct argument lists and invoke utility | PWB UNIX |
yacc |
C programming | Optional (CD) | Yet another compiler compiler | PWB UNIX |
zcat |
Text processing | Optional (XSI) | Expand and concatenate data | 4.3BSD |
[1] – 该清单来自维基百科。因为不少国内用户看不到，所以抄录在这儿。